Improvement in tenoning-machines



Y 2Sheets--SheetL w. H. ELLluT.

Tunning-Machines. N0.l47,554. Patented Feb. 17, 18174.

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'nrrnn STATES XVILLIAM H. ELLIOT,

"PATENT OFFICE,

or New Yonk, iv. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN r'ENoNING-MAeHlNes.'`

Specification forming part ot Letters Patent No. 147,554, dated February 17, 1&74; application filed November 4, 1873.

To all whom trudy concern:

Be it known that I, WM. H. ELLIOT, of the city, county, and State of N ew York, have invented a new and Improved Tenon-Machine; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Similar letters of reference indicate the same devices in all the gures.

To enable others skilled in the arts to comprehend, make, and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its nature, construction, and operation.

The nature of my invention consists in the combination of parts which will be more fully hereinafter described and set forth in the claims.

Figure' 1 is a right-side elevation of my universal tenon-machine. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is an inside view of the cutter-head. Fig. 4 is an inside view of a part of the same. Fig. 5 is a view of both ends of a rail with tenons thereon. Fig. 6 is an end view of the pattern. Fig. 7 is a leftside elevation of my tenon-machine. Fig. Sis an elevation of the vertical swinging frame. Fig. 9 is a top view of the machine.

a., frame of the machine 5 b, vertical swinging frame, hinged to frame a at c c, horizontal, traversing, and swinging frame, hinged to the frame b at b d, pattern-roller, supported upon hollow bearing c; e, cutter-head; c, spurs for making the shoulder' of the tenon; f, saw; g, driven pulley on the cutter-head shaft 5 g', guiding-pulleys; h,frame of guidingpulleys 5 t', jaws for holding tools t" fi, screws for same, j, handles of frame c; k, screw-nuts which screw onto the hub or" the cutter-head, and hold the saw between them; Z, guard 5 m, pattern; m', tenon portion `of the same; n, screw for holding the bed-pattern q; n', guides for the same; o, ledges on the patternbed, against which the pattern rests 5 o,ledge on rail-bed, against which the rail rests 5 o", pivot of adjustable ledge 0; p, rail-bed; p', hinge, which joins the rail-bed to theframe a; r, screw, which holds ledge 0 in position; s, brace, which supports bed p sf, hinge of brace s; t, flange on bed p, to which brace sis fastened by screw and washer u u', slot through ange 15, along which the screw and washer travel 1n changmg the position of the bed p n, right-and-left hand ends of a rail 5 w, stop for limiting the movements of the frame b; a,

Y for cutting tenons, and my purpose is to produce a machine which, with a single cutterhead, will cut tenons of every desirable shape and length, and also at any required angle, at one operation.

In the construction of my universal tenonmachine, I place the cutter head, with its shaft and-driven pulley, and also the patternroller, on a traversing and swinging frame, c. This frame is hinged at b to the vertical 4s win'ging frame b, which, in its turn, is pivoted to the frame a at a. By this means theY cutterhead is held rigidly so far as to prevent any movement parallel with its axis, but allowed to move freely in all directions in a plane parallel with its revolution. The cutter-head or frame c may slide upon ways, or they may be suspended upon the swinging frame b, from a point above, by extending the frame a up high enough, andattaching the swinging frame b thereto.

I also construct my tenon-machine with two beds, one for the rail upon which the tenon is out, and one for the pattern. These beds, when arranged for straight tenons, are in one plane, and the ledges o and o are in one line, and these two beds, with their ledges, are eX- actly parallel with the axes of the cutter-head and roller, and exactly at right angles to all the movements of the cutter-head. By separating the two beds, and placing the cutterhead and pattern-roller between. them, I am able to pass the cutter-head and pattern-roller entirely around the ends of the rail and pattern, and also to introduce another featurethat of representing the working side and edge of the rail in the pattern, and cutting the tenon correctly in relation to them.

The `diameter of y the pattern-roller at the largest point is exactly the same as the diameter of the circle described by the points of the tools on the cutter-head, so that as the roller passes around upon the pattern, the cutterhead leaves just as much ol' the end ot' the rail untouched as will represent the pattern-tenen, and the tenon left upon the end of the rail must occupy just the saine position in relation to the working side and edge of the rail as the pattern-tenen does to the workin g side and edge of the pattern.

By the peculiar construction and operation of my tenen-machine, a relative rotatory movement is produced between the cutter-head and tenen, and also between the pattern-roller and pattern, audit matters not whether the eutter-head, with its corresponding pattern-roller, be attached to the frame o, and the two beds fixed upon the frame a, as represented in the drawings, or whether the cutter-head and its pattern-roller run in bearings iixed upon frame a, and the two beds supported upon frame c. In. either modification the, same mechanical principles are exhibited, and the same result is obtained.

The vertical frame b, being pivotcd to the frame a at a', and supporting on. its upper end the rear end of frame c, permits the latter to have a free forward and back or traversing movement, in colnbination with its swinging movement in a vertical plane, at the saine time holding the axis ot' the cutter-head exactly pa allel with the axes a land b.-

'lhc pattern-bed q extends down upon the inside of' the frame d, and supports on its lower end the guard l, and for the purpose oli' maintaining the exact adjustment between the two beds,and also for the purpose ot' varying the distance ot' the tcnon from the working side of the rail, as occasion may require, I make the pattern-bed adjustable vertically, sliding between theguides uf, and fastened by screw 11. lhis bed may be raised and lowered by a screw or cam.

For the purpose o t' cnttin the tenon at an angle in relation to the working side ot' the rail, I make the rail-bed p adjustable vertieally, swinging upon hingesp, and supported in position by brace 5^,- and for the purpose of cutting the tenen at an angle in relation to the working edge et' the rail, I make the ledge o adjustable horizontally, swingingupon' hinges o. and held in position by screw r. In. eitherl or both cases the position ot' the pattern-bed with its ledges remains unchanged.

By this means I am able to eut a teilen at any required angle from a straight pattern.

As the patterns of all the tenons are straight it is necessarv to have some means ot" knowing how to a( just the machine for an angular tenon. To facilitate this operation l graduate the slidingjomt between the brace s and bed j), and also the sweep oi' the ledge o on the top of bed p, and by marking these angles on the pattern in figures the machine may be quickly and accurately adjusted. These lastdescribed features render my tenen-machine very valuable for carriage and sleigh work.

The traversing-frame c should be balanced either by the action ofthe driving-belt and tighteningkpulley or by a weight in any prac tical wa f, so as torelieve the operator of some, if not all, of the labor of holding it up.

For the purpose of conducting the drivingbelt to and from the driven pulley, I employ conducting-pulleys g on swinging frame h. By leaving this frame free to move on pivot b it adjusts itself to the varying angles of the belt. The eountershaft, with a suitable tightening-pulley, should be placed directly over the frame I), so that the strain of the belt will tend to hold that frame in a vertical position. By placing frame 7L with its pulleys g upon the frame c, about half-way between the pivot b and the axis ofthe cutter-head, the upward strain of the driving-belt would then tend to balance frame c and at the same time hold frame b in an upright position.

There are many practical ways by which power may be carried to the driven pulley g. A tight and loose pulley may be put on axis a, and then a short belt to axis b', and another short belt from axis b to the driven pulley on the cutter-head shaft. In that ease the two frames would require to be balanced by a weight drawing upward from about the middle of the frame c.' To save the operator the labor of stooping or of raising his hands too high, I place on the forward end-of frame c two handles, 011e over the' other, so that when the cutter-head is ruiming on the under side ot' the tenen he uses the ripper handle, but as it comes to the upperiside he changes to the lower handle. I place the tools i on an inside surface .in the euttcr-head, so that the strain ot' the cut will be against a solid portion of the cutter-head instead of against the head of the screw, and by using a strong jaw for holding the tool I am able to construct the tool of thin steel plate at less expense and much less liability to get out of balance.

In cutting tenons at an angle with the rail I employ a saw, f, in combination with the euttcihead, to square the end of' the tenen while it is being cut, and I adjust the saw for tenons lof diiferent lengths by holding' it be tween two nuts, 7c, which screw onto the hub otl the rcutter-head. For very short tenons both nuts may be above the saw, and washers only under it. Two holes have Vto be cut through the saw to allow the project-ions on the cutterhead,'and the jaws a-nd tools attached thereto, to pass through it, as seen in Figs. l and 2. v

To prevent the saw and cutter-head from coming in contact with any part of frame a, and being injured thereby, I employ guard I, so placed that roller d will touch it before the saw touches the frame. The roller d need not necessarily revolve. It may be better in some eases to make it stationary, so as to produce a little friction to steady the forward move ment of the cutter-head.

In use, a pattern-tenen is selected and placed upon the pattern-bed with its working side down, and one edge resting against one of the ledges o. The ledge 0 is then placed on the bed p in a position corresponding with the ledge against which the pattern rests, and if a straight tenen is required the ledge o is adjusted at 0, the rail is then fastened upon the bed With its Working side down, and its Working edge resting against the ledge of, the machine put in motion, and the roller el passed around the pattern. When the rails have all been eut at one end the pattern has to be moved over against the other ledge on the pattern-bed, and the ledge o changed to the' other sideof the rail-bed and arranged as before, when the tenonson thc other ends of the rails may be cnt.

The adjustability of either of the beds, or

, the ledges thereon,'is not indispensably essential to the Working of my tenen-machine for straight tenons 5 nor do I intend to include -that feature in any part of the claims, except 1n those sections which especially mention their adjustability.

4 I make no claim to the arrangement of the cutting-tool and guide upon opposite ends of the same arbor in connection with pattern and Work-supporting tables.

Having described my invention,`\`vhat I dcsire to have secured to me by Letters Patent of the United States .is-

l. In a tenen-machine, the combination ot frame e, supported as described, cutter-head e, pattern roller or guide d, with a pattern, pattern-bed, and rail-bed, constructed and operating substantially as described, whereby a relative rotatory or revolving movement is ob tained, as specified.

2. The combination, in a tenen-machine of the kind described, of a pattern-bed and a railbed provided with ledges, and a pattern which represents both the Working side and edge oi the rail, as specified.

3. The combination, with the pattern, pat-- ternbed, and rail-bed herein described, of a movable cutterhead and pattern roller or guide having a common axis, which is parallel with the pattern-bed and its ledges, all as set forth.

4. The combination, in a tenon-machine, of separate pattern and rail-beds, which are stationary While in operation, a movable cutterhead and pattern-roller or guide, as herein set forth, whereby the cutter-headl and patternroller are adapted to operate between the beds and around the end of the rail, as specified.

5. In a tenon-machine, the combination, With the pattern, oi' a pattern-bed having a vertical adjustment, and a rail-bed, as and for the purpose specified.

6. In a tenon-machine, a railbed adapted to be angularly adjusted to the axis of the cutA ter-head, pattern-bed, and pattern, and ar ranged to operate in relation to them, as and for the purpose specified.

7. In a tenon-machine, thc combination, with the rail-bed, of ledge o', pivoted at its inner end in a line with ledge o, and adapted to be angnlarly adjusted to the axis of the cutter head, patternledge o, and pattern, as herein specified.

8. Ina tenonn1ach1ne, the combination, with p the pattern-bed, having the two ledges, as dcscribed, of a pattern adapted to be adjusted with relation tothe rail-bed and its ledges, whereby right and left hand tenons may be cut by the use ot' the same pattern, as set forth.

XVM. II. ELLIOT.

' Witnesses: 

